Publications

  1. Reddy J, Wilkie BN, and Mallard BA. Construction of an internal control to quantitate multiple porcine cytokine mRNAs by RT-PCR. 1996. BioTechniques 21: 868-875. PMID: 8922628
  2. Reddy J, Wilkie BN. Quantitation of porcine cytokine and beta 2-microglobulin mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. 2000. J. Immunol. Methods. 233(1-2):83-93. PMID: 10648859.
  3. Reddy J, Borgs P, Wilkie BN. Cytokine mRNA expression in leukocytes of efferent lymph from stimulated lymph nodes in pigs. 2000. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 74(1-2):31-46. PMID: 10760388.
  4. Reddy J, Wilkie BN, Borgs P, and Mallard BA. Cytokines in Mycoplasma hyorhinis-induced arthritis in pigs bred selectively for high and low immune response. 2000. Infect. Immun. 68: 1150-1155. PMID: 10678919.
  5. Reddy J, Chastagner P, Fiette L, Liu X, and Theze J. IL-2-induced TNF-β expression: Further analysis in the IL-2 knockout model and comparison with TNF-, LT-, TNFR1 and TNFR2 modulation. 2001. Int. Immunol. 13: 135-147. PMID: 11157847.
  6. Chastagner P, Reddy J, and Theze J. Lymphoadenopathy in IL-2-Deficient Mice: Further Characterization and overexpression of the antiapoptotic molecule cellular FLIP. 2002. J. Immunol. 169: 3644. PMID: 12244156.
  7. Reddy J, Bettelli E, Nicholson L, Jang M, Wucherpfennig K, and Kuchroo V. Detection of autoreactive myelin proteolipid Protein 139-151-specific T cells by using MHC II IAs tetramers. 2003., J. Immunol. 170: 870-877. PMID: 12517952.
  8. Reddy J, Illes Z, Zhang X, Encinas J, Pyrdol J, Nicholson L, Sobel RA, Wucherpfennig KW, and Kuchroo VK. Myelin proteolipid protein-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells mediate genetic resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2004. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 101(43): 15434-9. PMID: 15492218.
  9. Zhang X,. Koldzic DN, Izikson L, Reddy J, Nazareno RF, Sakaguchi S, Kuchroo VK, and Weiner HL. IL-10 is involved in the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. 2004. Int. Immunol. 16: 249-256. PMID: 14734610.
  10. Illes Z, Stern JN, Reddy J, Waldner H, Mycko MP, Brosnan CF, Ellmerich S, Altmann DM, Santambrogio L, Strominger JL, and Kuchroo VK. Modified amino acid copolymers suppress myelin basic protein 85-99-induced encephalomyelitis in humanized mice through different effects on T cells. 2004. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 101:11749-54. PMID: 15292513.
  11. Stern JN, Illes Z, Reddy J, Keskin DB, Sheu E, Fridkis-Hareli M, Nishimura H, Brosnan CF, Santambrogio L, Kuchroo VK, and Strominger JL. Amelioration of proteolipid protein 139-151-induced encephalomyelitis in SJL mice by modified amino acid copolymers and their mechanisms. 2004. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 101(32): 11743-8. PMID: 15292514.
  12. Anderson AC, Reddy J (co-first authors), Nazareno R, Sobel RA, Nicholson LB, and Kuchroo VK. IL-10 plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of the autoreactive repertoire in naive mice. 2004. J. Immunol. 173: 828-834. PMID: 15240669.
  13. Greve B, Reddy J, Waldner HP, Sobel RA, and Kuchroo VK. Dissimilar background genes control susceptibility to autoimmune disease in the context of different MHC haplotypes: NOD.H-2(s) congenic mice are relatively resistant to both experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and type I diabetes. 2004. Eur. J. Immunol. 34:1828-1838. PMID: 15214031.
  14. Reddy J, Waldner H, Zhang X, Illes Z, Wucherpfennig KW, Sobel RA, and Kuchroo VK. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells contribute to gender differences in susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2005. J. Immunol. (cutting edge) 175: 5591-5595. PMID: 16237044
  15. Stern JN, Illes Z, Reddy J (co-first authors), Keskin DB, Sheu E, Fridkis-Hareli M, Kuchroo VK, and Strominger JL. Peptide 15-mers of defined sequence that substitute for random amino acid copolymers in amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2005. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 102(5): 1620-5. PMID: 15665083.
  16. Illes Z, Waldner H, Reddy J, Bettelli E, Nicholson L, and Kuchroo V. T cell tolerance induced by cross-reactive TCR ligands can be broken by superagonist ligand resulting in anti-inflammatory cytokine production. 2005. J. Immunol. 175: 1491-1497. PMID: 16034086.
  17. Dardalhon V, Schubart, A, Reddy J, Meyers J, Monney L, Sabatos C, Ahuja R, Nguyen K, Freeman G, Greenfield E, Sobel R, and Kuchroo V. CD226 is specifically expressed on the surface of Th1 cells and regulates their expansion and effector functions. 2005. J. Immunol. 175: 1558-1565. PMID: 16034094.
  18. Illes Z, Stern J, Keskin D, Reddy J, Brosnan C, Waldner H, Santambrogio L, Kuchroo V, and Strominger J. Copolymer effects on microglia and T cells in the central nervous system of humanized mice. 2005. Eur. J. Immunol. 35: 3683-93. PMID: 16259003.
  19. Greenfield E, Reddy J, Lees A, Dyer C, Koul O, Nguyen K, Bell S, Kassan N, Hinojoza J, Eaton M, Lees M, Kuchroo V, and Sobel R. Monoclonal Antibodies to Distinct Regions of Human Myelin Proteolipid Protein recognize central nervous system myelin and neurons of many vertebrate species. 2006. J. Neurosci. Res. 83: 415-31. PMID: 16416423.
  20. Zhang X, Reddy J, Ochi H, Frenkel D, Kuchroo V, and Weiner H. Foxp3 expressing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells mediate recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2006. Int. Immunol. 18: 495-503. PMID: 16540527.
  21. Illes Z, Waldner H, Reddy J, Anderson AC, Sobel RA, and Kuchroo VK. Modulation of CD4 co-receptor limits spontaneous autoimmunity when high-affinity transgenic TCR specific for self-antigen is expressed on a genetically resistant background. 2007. Int. Immunol. 19 (10): 1235-48. PMID: 17804690.
  22. Xiao S, Najafian N, Reddy J, Albin M, Zhu C, Jensen E, Korn T, Anderson AC, Zhang Z, Gutierrez C, Moll T, Sobel R, Umetsu D, Yagita H, Akiba H, Sayegh M, DeKruyff R, Khoury S, and Kuchroo V. Differential engagement of Tim-1 during activation can positively or negatively costimulate T cell expansion and effector function.2007. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1691-702. PMID: 17606630.
  23. Korn T, Reddy J, Gao W, Bettelli E, Awasthi A, Petersen T, Bäckström B, Wucherpfennig K, Strom T, Oukka M, and Kuchroo V. Myelin-specific regulatory T cells accumulate in the CNS but fail to control autoimmune inflammation. 2007. Nat. Med. 4: 423-31. PMID: 17384649.
  24. Elyaman W, Kivisakk P, Reddy J, Chitnis T, Raddassi K, Imitola J, Bradshaw E, Kuchroo VK, Yagita H, Sayegh MH, and Khoury SJ. Distinct functions of autoreactive memory and effector CD4+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2008. Am. J. Pathol. 173: 411-22. PMID: 18583313.
  25. Massilamany C, Steffen D, and Reddy J. An epitope from Acanthamoeba castellanii that cross-react with proteolipid protein 139-151-reactive T cells induces autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice. 2010. J. Neuroimmunol. 219: 17-24. PMID: 20005578.
  26. Thulasingam S, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Dai H, Yarbaeva S, Subramaniam S, Riethoven JJ, Eudy J, Lou M, and Reddy J. miR-27b*, an oxidative stress-responsive microRNA modulates nuclear factor-kB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. 2011. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 352(1-2):181-8. PMID: 21350856.
  27. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Gardner D, Musser J, Steffen D, Somerville G, and Reddy J. TCA cycle inactivation in Staphylococcus aureus alters nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. 2011. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 355(1-2):75-82. PMID: 21519920.
  28. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Chapman N, Rose N, and Reddy J. Detection of cardiac myosin heavy chain-α-specific CD4 cells by using MHC class II/IAk tetramers in A/J mice. 2011. J. Immunol. Methods. 372: 107-118. PMID: 21782819.
  29. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Steffen D, and Reddy J. Identification of novel mimicry epitopes for cardiac myosin heavy chain-α that induce autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice. 2011. Cell Immunol. 271(2):438-49. PMID: 21939961.
  30. Massilamany C, Thulasingam S, Steffen D, and Reddy J. Gender differences in CNS autoimmunity induced by mimicry epitope for PLP 139-151 in SJL mice. 2011. J. Neuroimmunol. 230: 95-104. PMID: 20950867.
  31. Massilamany C, Upadhyaya B, Gangaplara A, Kuszynski C, and Reddy J. Detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers. 2011. BMC Immunol. 12:40. PMID: 21767394. (highlighted as a featured and a highly accessed article).
  32. Massilamany C, Asojo O, Gangaplara A, Steffen D, and Reddy J. Identification of a second mimicry epitope from Acanthamoeba castellanii that induce CNS autoimmunity by generating cross-reactive T cells for MBP 89-101 in SJL mice. 2011. Int. Immunol. 23 (12):729-39 (highlighted as the Editor’s Choice featured article of December issue). PMID: 22058327.
  33. Massilamany, C., and Reddy, J., 2011. Autoimmunity in the Mediation of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis: Implications for Therapy, p. 307-328. In S. Tkachev (ed.), Non-Flavivirus Encephalitis. InTech, Croatia.
  34. Gangaplara A, Massilamany C, Brown, DM, Delhon G, Pattnaik A, Chapman N, Rose N, Steffen D, and Reddy J. Coxsackievirus B3 infection leads to the generation of cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha-reactive CD4 T cells in A/J mice. 2012. Clin. Immunol. 144: 237-249. PMID: 22854287.
  35. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Kim H, Stanford C, Rathnaiah G, Steffen D, Lee J, Reddy J. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55. 2013. J. Neuroimmunol. Mar 15;256 (1-2):19-27. PMID: 23294897.
  36. Gebregiworgis T, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Thulasingam S, Kolli V, Werth MT, Dodds ED, Steffen D, Reddy J, Powers R. Potential of urinary metabolites for diagnosing multiple sclerosis. 2013. ACS Chem. Biol. Apr 19;8(4):684-90. PMID: 23369377.
  37. Gangaplara A, Massilamany C, Steffen D, Reddy J. Mimicry epitope from Ehrlichia canis for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 201-216 prevents autoimmune by acting as altered peptide ligand. 2013. J. Neuroimmunol. Oct 15;263(1-2):98-107. PMID: 24029580.
  38. Reddy J, Massilamany C, Buskiewicz I, Huber SA. Autoimmunity in viral myocarditis. 2013. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Jul;25(4):502-8. PMID: 23656709.
  39. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Jia T, Elowsky C, Kang G, Riethoven JJ, Li Q, Zhou Y, Reddy J. Direct staining with major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers permits detection of antigen-specific, autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ. 2014. PLoS One. Jan 27;9(1). PMID: 24475302.
  40. Massilamany C, Marciano-Cabral F, Rocha-Azevedo Bd, Jamerson M, Gangaplara A, Steffen D, Zabad R, Illes Z, Sobel RA, Reddy J. SJL Mice Infected with Acanthamoeba castellanii Develop Central Nervous System Autoimmunity through the Generation of Cross-Reactive T Cells for Myelin Antigens. 2014. PLoS One. May 30;9(5). PMID: 24879066.
  41. Massilamany C., Khalilzad V, Gangaplara A., Steffen D., Othman S.F., Reddy, J. Non-invasive assessment of cardiac abnormalities in experimental autoimmune myocarditis by magnetic resonance microscopy imaging in the mouse, 2014. J. Vis. Exp. Jun 20;(88). PMID: 24998332.
  42. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Jia T, Elowsky C, Li Q, Zhou Y, and Reddy J. In situ detection of autoreactive CD4 1 T cells in the brain and heart using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers. 2014. J Vis Exp. Aug 1;(90). doi: 10.3791/51679. PMID: 25145797.
  43. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, and Reddy J. Intricacies of cardiac damage in coxsackievirus B3 infection: Implications for therapy. 2014 Dec 15;177(2):330-9. PMID: 25449464
  44. Massilamany C, Huber SA, Cunningham MW, Reddy J. Relevance of molecular mimicry in the mediation of infectious myocarditis. 2014. J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res. Mar;7(2):165-71. PMID: 24263348.
  45. Massilamany, C†., Gangaplara, A†., Basavalingappa, R. H., Rajasekaran, R. A., Vu, H., Riethoven, J. J., Steffen, D., Pattnaik, A.K., and Reddy, J. 2015. Mutations in the 5' NTR and the Non-Structural Protein 3A of the Coxsackievirus B3 Selectively Attenuate Myocarditogenicity. PloS one 10: e0131052. (†equal contributors) (PMID: 26098885)
  46. Massilamany, C†., Gangaplara, A†., and Reddy, J. 2015. Environmental microbes and uveitis: is microbial exposure always bad? Scandinavian journal of immunology 81: 469-475. (†equal contributors) (PMID: 25833717)
  47. Krishnan, B., Massilamany, C., Basavalingappa, R. H., Rajasekaran, R. A., Kuszynski, C., Switzer, B., Peterson, D. A., and Reddy, J. 2015. Versatility of using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers for derivation and characterization of antigen-specific, autoreactive T cell hybridomas. Journal of immunological methods. (PMID: 26268454)
  48. Jia T, Anandhan A, Massilamany C, Rajasekaran RA, Franco R, Reddy J. 2015. Association of Autophagy in the Cell Death Mediated by Dihydrotestosterone in Autoreactive T Cells Independent of Antigenic Stimulation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. (PMID: 26416183)
  49. Massilamany, C., Krishnan, B., Reddy, J., 2015. Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers: New Tools for the Detection of antigen-Specific, CD4 T Cells in Basic and Clinical Research. Scandinavian journal of immunology. (PMID: 26207337)
  50. Gebregiworgis T, Nielsen HH, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Reddy J, Illes Z, Powers R. 2016. A Urinary Metabolic Signature for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica. J Proteome Res. (PMID: 26759122)
  51. Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Basavalingappa RH, Rajasekaran RA, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Han Z, Othman S, Steffen D, Reddy J. 2016. Localization of CD8 T cell epitope within cardiac myosin heavy chain-α334-352 that induces autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice. Int J Cardiol. (PMID: 26422020)
  52. Massilamany C, Mohammed A, Loy JD, Purvis T, Krishnan B, Basavalingappa RH, Kelley CM, Guda C, Barletta RG, Moriyama EN, Smith TP, Reddy J. 2016. Whole genomic sequence analysis of Bacillus infantis: defining the genetic blueprint of strain NRRL B-14911, an emerging cardiopathogenic microbe. BMC Genomics. (PMID: 27557119)
  53. Basavalingappa RH, Massilamany C, Krishnan B, Gangaplara A, Kang G, Khalizad V, Han Z, Othman S, Li Q, Riethoven JJ, Sobel RA, Steffen D and Reddy J. 2016. Identification of an epitope from adenine nucleotide translocator 1 that induces inflammation in heart in A/J mice. American Journal of Pathology. 186(12):3160-3175. (PMID: 27876151)
  54. Massilamany C, Koenig A, Reddy J, Huber S, Buskiewicz I. 2016. Autoimmunity in picornavirus infections. Curr Opin Virol. (PMID: 26554915).
  55. Alkheraif AA, Topliff CL, Reddy J., Massilamany C, Donis RO, Meyers G, Eskridge KM, Kelling CL. 2017. Type 2 BVDV N(pro) suppresses IFN-1 pathway signaling in bovine cells and augments BRSV replication. Virology. Jul; 507:123-134. (PMID: 28432927)
  56. Krishnan B, Massilamany C, Basavalingappa RH, Gangaplara A, Kang G, Li Q, Uzal FA, Strande JL, Delhon GA, Riethoven JJ, Steffen D, Reddy J. 2017. Branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase 111-130, a T cell epitope that induces both autoimmune myocarditis and hepatitis in A/J mice. Immun Inflamm Dis. Dec;5(4):421-434. (PMID: 28597552)
  57. Basavalingappa, RH., Massilamany, C., Krishnan, B., Gangaplara, A., Afzal, ZM., Strande, JL., Steffen, D., and Reddy, J. 2017. β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contains Multiple IAk and IEk Binding Epitopes that Induce T Cell Responses with Varying Degrees of Autoimmune Myocarditis in A/J Mice. Frontiers in Immunology. (PMID: 29209317)
  58. Massilamany, i., Renu, N., A.Kumar, Madayiputhiya, a., Sanjit, P., Ey, Guda, C., Reddy, J., 2017. Gender Differences in the Expression of Proteins in Autoreactive T-cells Specificto Central Nervous System Myelin Proteolipid Protein. J Autoimmune disorders. (No PMID)
  59. Krishnan, B., Massilamany, C., Basavalingappa, RH., Gangaplara, A., Afzal, ZM., Khalilzad-Sharghi, V., Zhou, Y., Nandi, S., Mishra, PK., Sobel, RA., Strande, JL., Riethoven, JJ., Steffen, D., and Reddy, J.. 2018. Epitope Mapping of SERCA2a Identifies an Antigenic Determinant that Induces Mainly Atrial Myocarditis in A/J mice. Journal of immunology (PMID: 29229678)
  60. Raverdeau, M., Christofi, M., Malara, A., Wilk, M.M., Misiak, A., Kuffova, L., Yu, T., McGinley, A.M., Quinn, S.M., Massilamany, C., Reddy, J., Forrester, J.V., Mills, K.H., 2019. Retinoic acid-induced autoantigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells suppress autoimmunity. EMBO reports. (PMID: 30894405)
  61. Arumugam, R., Yalaka, B., Massilamany, C., Haider Ali, M.S.S., Lasrado, N., Jayaraja, S., Riethoven, J.J., Sun, X., Reddy, J., 2019. An evidence for surface expression of an immunogenic epitope of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase2a on antigen-presenting cells from naive mice in the mediation of autoimmune myocarditis. Immunobiology. (PMID: 31870642)
  62. Sarmirova, S., Borsanyiova, M., Benkoova, B., Pospisilova, M., Arumugam, R., Berakova, K., Gomolcak, P., Reddy, J., Bopegamage, S., 2019. Pancreas of coxsackievirus-infected dams and their challenged pups: A complex issue. Virulence. (PMID: 30829107)
  63. Lasrado, N., Gangaplara, A., Arumugam, R., Massilamany, C., Pokal, S., Zhou, Y., Xiang, S.H., Steffen, D., Reddy, J., 2020. Identification of Immunogenic Epitopes That Permit the Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses in Multiple Serotypes of Group B Coxsackievirus Infections. Viruses. (PMID: 32245257)
  64. Lasrado, N., Yalaka, B.,Reddy, J., 2020. Triggers of Inflammatory Heart Disease. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. (PMID: 32266270)
  65. Basavalingappa, R.H*., Arumugam, R*., Lasrado, N*., Yalaka, B., Massilamany, C., Gangaplara, A., Riethoven, J.J., Xiang, S.H., Steffen, D., Reddy, J., 2020. Viral myocarditis involves the generation of autoreactive T cells with multiple antigen specificities that localize in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs in the mouse model of CVB3 infection. Mol Immunol. (PMID: 32615275) *equal contributors
  66. Gangaplara, A., Massilamany, C*., Lasrado, N*., Steffen, D., Reddy, J., 2020. Evidence for Anti-Viral Effects of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant in the Mouse Model of Enterovirus Infection. Vaccines. (PMID: 32645845) *equal contributors
  67. Lasrado, N., Reddy, J., 2020. An overview of the immune mechanisms of viral myocarditis. Rev Med Virol. (PMID: 32720461)
  68. Lasrado, N., Jia, T., Massilamany, C., Franco, R., Illes, Z., Reddy, J., 2020. Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE. Biol Sex Differ. (PMID: 32894183)
  69. Lasrado, N., Gangaplara, A., Massilamany, C., Arumugam, R., Shelbourn, A., Rasquinha, M.T., Basavalingappa, R.H., Delhon, G., Xiang, S.H., Pattnaik, A.K., Steffen, D., Reddy, J., 2021. Attenuated strain of CVB3 with a mutation in the CAR-interacting region protects against both myocarditis and pancreatitis. Sci Rep. (PMID: 34127684)
  70. Rasquinha, M*., Sur, M*., Lasrado, N*., Reddy, J., 2021. IL-10 as a Th2 Cytokine: Differences Between Mice and Humans.J Immunol. (PMID: 34663593) *equal contributors
  71. Lasrado, N., Arumugam, R., Rasquinha, M.T., Sur, M., Steffen, D., Reddy, J., 2021. Mt10-CVB3 Vaccine Virus Protects against CVB4 Infection by Inducing Cross-Reactive, Antigen-Specific Immune Responses. Microorganisms. (PMID: 34835449)
  72. Lasrado, N., Borcherding, N., Arumugam, R., Starr, T.K., Reddy, J., 2022. Dissecting the Cellular Landscape and Transcriptome Network in Viral Myocarditis by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. iScience. (PMID: 35243228)
  73. Rasquinha, M. T., Lasrado, N., Petro-Turnquist, E., Weaver, E., Venkataraman, T., Anderson, D., Laserson, U., Larman, H. B., Reddy, J., 2022. PhIP-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies for Ubiquitously Expressed Antigens in Viral Myocarditis. Biology. (PMCID: PMC9312229)
  74. Won, Taejoon and Kalinoski, Hannah M. and Wood, Megan K. and Hughes, David M. and Jaime, Camille M. and Talor, Monica and Lasrado, Ninaad and Reddy, Jay and Cihakova, Daniela, Cardiac Myosin-Specific Autoimmune T Cells Contribute to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis. 2022. Cell Reports. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4065075 (accepted)
Invited book chapters
  1. Massilamany, C., and Reddy, J., 2011. Autoimmunity in the Mediation of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis: Implications for Therapy, p. 307-328. In S. Tkachev (ed.), Non-Flavivirus Encephalitis. InTech, Croatia.